# How the Server looks at the URL

Ever typed a URL into your browser and instantly landed on a website? While it seems like magic, there's a fascinating process happening behind the scenes. This blog dives deep into how a server deciphers a URL, ultimately delivering the content you requested.

#### Breaking Down the URL

A URL, or Uniform Resource Locator, acts like an address on the web. It consists of several key parts:

1. **Protocol:** This specifies the communication method, like HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) for web pages or HTTPS for secure connections.
2. **Domain Name:** This is the human-readable address that translates to an IP address using the Domain Name System (DNS).
3. **Port (Optional):** This defines the specific port on the server to connect to (usually port 80 for HTTP and 443 for HTTPS).
4. **Path:** This indicates the location of a specific file or resource within the website's directory structure.
5. **Query String (Optional):** This contains additional information often used for searches or filtering data (e.g., ?q=search+term).

#### The Server's Perspective

<figure><img src="https://content.gitbook.com/content/NCQmifXXSYyrogxRFMXV/blobs/XI49xP3i1FZLExmsJJSR/image.png" alt=""><figcaption><p>What happens when you type an URL in the browser!</p></figcaption></figure>

When you enter a URL, here's how the server interprets it:

1. **DNS Lookup:** The server doesn't understand domain names directly. It relies on the DNS, a distributed system that translates the domain name (e.g., \[invalid URL removed]) into a numerical IP address (e.g., 142.250.184.196) that the server can understand.
2. **Connection Establishment:** The browser establishes a connection with the server using the retrieved IP address and designated port.
3. **Request Parsing:** The server receives an HTTP request from the browser. This request includes the specific method (like GET or POST) and the URL path.
4. **Path Interpretation:** The server extracts the path from the URL. This path points to a specific location within the website's directory structure.
5. **Resource Retrieval:** Based on the path, the server locates the requested resource – an HTML file, image, or any other data.
6. **Content Delivery:** If the resource exists and access is granted, the server sends the data back to the browser. This data might be the actual webpage content or instructions to dynamically generate the content.

#### Beyond Static Files

Modern websites often involve server-side scripting languages like PHP, Python, or Node.js. In these cases, the server interprets the URL path as a trigger to execute specific code. This code might dynamically generate the content based on user input or information from databases.

#### Conclusion

Understanding how servers interpret URLs provides a glimpse into the intricate dance between browsers and servers. The seemingly simple act of entering a URL involves a series of steps, highlighting the complex infrastructure that powers the web experience we take for granted.
